Gustav Freytag was a german novelist who came up with the 5 act structure. He observed plots, then came to a conclusion about a series of events summarising the plot structure of dramas. "The Dramatic Arc" 
Exposition / introduction - An outline of the story, setting out the basics such as protagonists / antagonists, time and place, further background information setting out a tone for the upcoming.
Rising action - Basic conflict begins with an increase of tension. Issues, twists and turns that are caused by obstacles that get in the protagonists way.
Climax - The story changes for better / worse for the protaginst, and is the overall turning point. The most dramatic point, placed right at the top of the pyramid.
Falling action - Opposition to rising action after the climax, the point of the story where the protagonist and antagonist are in contact and either one of them wins the conflict. Suspense and tension built up previously / any dramatic questions the audience had are now answered.
Denouement - Conclusion. The protaginst gets the goal, or fails - the storyline ends, conflict may be resolved.
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